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TheScientificWorldJournal 2020Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and...
Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and skin-related conditions in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study investigated the effects of leaf methanol extract and fractions on blood coagulation profile of diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of 100 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract and partitioned fractions of on blood coagulation profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats were initially evaluated, while graded concentrations (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous and hexane fractions were further tested in diabetic rats against standard drugs aspirin (anticoagulant) and metformin (antidiabetic). Rats were allocated into groups ( = 6) and administration was done orally, once daily for 2 weeks. The methanol extract and fractions of at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the bleeding (58-200%), clotting (65-133%), prothrombin (176-441%), and activated partial thromboplastin (209-518%) times in diabetic rats compared to the control rats (LD ≥ 5000 mg/kg). Highest prolongation effects were recorded in the diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the hexane fraction. Plasma calcium concentration and platelet counts of treated diabetic rats were significantly ( < 0.05) reduced compared to diabetic control rats, while the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly increased. This study showed that possess anticoagulant and antianemic activities. The leaves can thus be a potential source of novel anticoagulant and nutraceutical for management of the thrombotic disorder in diabetes and other diseased states.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Blood Coagulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Plant Extracts; Rats
PubMed: 32508536
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1036364 -
Trends in Immunology Oct 2004Blood coagulation and inflammation are universal responses to infection and there is crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation that can either amplify or dampen the... (Review)
Review
Blood coagulation and inflammation are universal responses to infection and there is crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation that can either amplify or dampen the responses. Loss of appropriate interactions between these systems probably contributes to morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases. For instance, inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte elastase can downregulate natural anticoagulant proteins that help to maintain endothelial-cell integrity, control clotting, inhibit vasoactive peptides and dampen leukocyte infiltration into the vessel wall. This Review will summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between these two important systems.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Receptor Cross-Talk; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 15364056
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.08.003 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2018Literature on fluid therapy for surgery is updated in regard to coagulation, blood loss and post-operative complications. Haemorrhage depends on the surgical... (Review)
Review
Literature on fluid therapy for surgery is updated in regard to coagulation, blood loss and post-operative complications. Haemorrhage depends on the surgical intervention but also on the chosen fluid therapy with artificial colloids affecting coagulation competence and in turn the blood loss. Furthermore, a stable central blood volume as indicated by plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide requires a calculated fluid surplus by approximately 2.5 l. Randomized controlled trials recommend haemorrhage to be treated by administration of a crystalloid; however, if the calculated excess of fluid approaches 2 l, albumin may be added.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Loss, Surgical; Fluid Therapy; Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Perioperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 29804566
DOI: No ID Found -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jan 2016Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an anticoagulant protein that inhibits early phases of the procoagulant response. Alternatively spliced isoforms of TFPI... (Review)
Review
Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an anticoagulant protein that inhibits early phases of the procoagulant response. Alternatively spliced isoforms of TFPI are differentially expressed by endothelial cells and human platelets and plasma. The TFPIβ isoform localizes to the endothelium surface where it is a potent inhibitor of TF-factor VIIa complexes that initiate blood coagulation. The TFPIα isoform is present in platelets. TFPIα contains a stretch of 9 amino acids nearly identical to those found in the B-domain of factor V that are well conserved in mammals. These amino acids provide exosite binding to activated factor V, which allows for TFPIα to inhibit prothrombinase during the initiation phase of blood coagulation. Endogenous inhibition at this point in the coagulation cascade was only recently recognized and has provided a biochemical rationale to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying several clinical disorders. These include the east Texas bleeding disorder that is caused by production of an altered form of factor V with high affinity for TFPI and a paradoxical procoagulant effect of heparins. In addition, these findings have led to ideas for pharmacological targeting of TFPI that may reduce bleeding in hemophilia patients.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited; Coagulants; Factor VIIa; Humans; Lipoproteins; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Isoforms; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 26603155
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305996 -
Journal of Atherosclerosis and... Oct 2016
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 27476666
DOI: 10.5551/jat.ED053 -
Danish Medical Journal Dec 2014In these studies, we have shown that coagulation and innate immunity pathways respond to trauma within minutes. Furthermore, the appearance of dysfunction of platelets... (Review)
Review
In these studies, we have shown that coagulation and innate immunity pathways respond to trauma within minutes. Furthermore, the appearance of dysfunction of platelets as well as activation of the endothelium is rapidly manifested. Interestingly, many of these changes were attenuated by treatment with valproic acid (VPA). These most notably included coagulation and endothelial activation as well as platelet dysfunction. These results add to the growing body of evidence indicating a protective effect of VPA following trauma, and suggests that this may in part be mediated through an attenuation of the above-mentioned pathways. Furthermore, these results indicate that VPA treatment may be effective in other pathological settings such as coagulopathy following trauma or sepsis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Platelet Activation; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Valproic Acid; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 25441736
DOI: No ID Found -
Critical Care (London, England) Jul 2014Activation of the coagulation system is a fundamental host defense mechanism. Microorganisms that have invaded the body are trapped and disposed of in clots.... (Review)
Review
Activation of the coagulation system is a fundamental host defense mechanism. Microorganisms that have invaded the body are trapped and disposed of in clots. Monocytes/macrophages are widely accepted as the main players in the procoagulant process; however, recent evidence suggests that neutrophils also play important roles. Tissue factor, which initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is reportedly expressed on the surface of neutrophils, as well as on microparticles derived from neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are another source of tissue factor. The components of NETs, such as DNA, histones, and granule proteins, also provide procoagulant activities. For instance, DNA initiates the intrinsic pathway, histones are a strong generator of thrombin, and granule proteins such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase contribute to the suppression of the anticoagulation systems. Although understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in coagulation/fibrinolysis in sepsis has gradually progressed, the impact of neutrophils on thrombogenicity during sepsis remains to be addressed. Since the importance of the connection between coagulation and inflammation is advocated nowadays, further research on neutrophils is required.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Extracellular Traps; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Neutrophils; Sepsis; Thrombin; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 25041721
DOI: 10.1186/cc13983 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023The processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis that in part maintain the physical integrity of the circulatory system and fluidity of its contents are complex as... (Review)
Review
The processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis that in part maintain the physical integrity of the circulatory system and fluidity of its contents are complex as they are critical for life. While the roles played by cellular components and circulating proteins in coagulation and fibrinolysis are widely acknowledged, the impact of metals on these processes is at best underappreciated. In this narrative review we identify twenty-five metals that can modulate the activity of platelets, plasmatic coagulation, and fibrinolysis as determined by in vitro and in vivo investigations involving several species besides human beings. When possible, the molecular interactions of the various metals with key cells and proteins of the hemostatic system were identified and displayed in detail. It is our intention that this work serve not as an ending point, but rather as a fair evaluation of what mechanisms concerning metal interactions with the hemostatic system have been elucidated, and as a beacon to guide future investigation.
Topics: Humans; Fibrinolysis; Thrombelastography; Blood Coagulation; Platelet Activation; Thrombosis; Metals; Hemostatics
PubMed: 36834712
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043302 -
Blood Sep 2009The horseshoe crab is often referred to as a "living fossil," representative of the oldest classes of arthropods, almost identical to species in existence more than 500... (Review)
Review
The horseshoe crab is often referred to as a "living fossil," representative of the oldest classes of arthropods, almost identical to species in existence more than 500 million years ago. Comparative analyses of the defense mechanisms used by the horseshoe crab that allowed it to survive mostly unchanged throughout the millennia reveal a common ancestry of the coagulation and innate immune systems that are totally integrated-indeed, almost inseparable. In human biology, we traditionally view the hemostatic pathways and those regulating innate immune responses to infections and tissue damage as entirely separate entities. But are they? The last couple of decades have revealed a remarkable degree of interplay between these systems, and the linking cellular and molecular mechanisms are rapidly being delineated. In this review, we present some of the major points of intersection between coagulation and innate immunity. We attempt to highlight the potential impact of these findings by identifying recently established paradigms that will hopefully result in the emergence of new strategies to treat a range of inflammatory and hemostatic disorders.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Humans; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 19584396
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-199208 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Sep 2016Peripheral arterial disease is a widely prevalent atherosclerotic occlusive disorder. Symptoms commence with exercise-induced pain in the lower extremities, known as... (Review)
Review
Peripheral arterial disease is a widely prevalent atherosclerotic occlusive disorder. Symptoms commence with exercise-induced pain in the lower extremities, known as claudication. Despite the fact that exercise has been shown to improve fibrinolytic profile some patients, the effect of exercise on coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades in claudicants has not been comprehensively defined. Literature search in English language yielded 13 studies of exercise on claudicants, including 420 patients. Claudicants tend to have a higher coagulation activity at rest compared to healthy individuals, a trend that persists even after exercise. Post-exercise coagulation activity of claudicants is increased when compared to their respective baseline levels, but it is so in a non-consistent manner. From the available data, it has been suggested that claudicants have a functional and effective fibrinolytic mechanism in place, operating continuously at a relatively higher activity level compared to healthy individuals. Fibrinolysis seems to be activated by exercise; a positive outcome with a prolonged effect as shown by a few of the studies. A final conclusion whether coagulation or fibrinolysis activity is affected mostly by exercise type and intensity in claudicants could not be answered. All conclusions regarding the effect of exercise on the coagulation and fibrinolysis mechanisms should be taken under cautious consideration, due to the limited number of studies, the small number of patients and the different exercise strategies employed in each study. Further randomized studies with similar exercise protocols could provide safer conclusions in the future.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Exercise; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Peripheral Arterial Disease
PubMed: 27444152
DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660215